Marketing strategy for CourierPlease

Question: Portray about the Marketing procedure for CourierPlease? Answer: Appraisal 1 Foundation Information of Client and administration CourierPlease, a part of SingPost bunch in Australia, is filling in as a main conveyance administration in Australia and offers its types of assistance in everywhere throughout the nation. CourierPlease was propelled in 1983. This dispatch administration is worked in conveyance in metropolitan urban communities. Presently, the dispatch administration of CourierPlease is offering its types of assistance across the nation in Adeldia, Bendigo, Brisbane, Canberra, Carrum Downs Central Coast/New Castle, Geelong, gold Coast, Melbourne, Sydney and Toowoomba. It has 550 franchisees present in all over Australia, almost 40,000 clients are getting to the administration of CourierPlease and almost 10 million bundles are getting conveyed in one year(Courier Please: About Us, 2015). Exploration on the administration Messenger administration is a sort of administration which is utilized by the clients to convey their packages starting with one spot then onto the next spot. These package correspondence can be inside the city, between two urban communities of same state, between two urban areas of various states or between two nations. Dispatch administration gives the office of conveying any kind of bundle, similar to any estimate and any weight. Messenger administration even aides in imparting the letters. On the off chance that we talk about CourierPlease, it helps in conveying each sort of item. There are different contenders of CourierPlease present in Australia. The fundamental contenders are Fast Courier, DHL, TNT, Truck It, and My US and entomb package. The hardest contender of Courier Please is DHL(MSI, 2012). DHL is really a worldwide messenger specialist organization which offers its types of assistance in everywhere throughout the world. DHL is renowned for its protected and brisk servi ces(Judd, 1987). Other messenger organizations are likewise giving the best administrations. In this way, there is a high rivalry in the market for CourierPlease. Normal for the Services There are different brands of CourierPlease present in the market. Ezy Technology helps the clients in following and despatching of their dispatch, Ezy Net gives the office of booking on the web from the online entryway, Ezy Freight is an online despatch framework wherein the clients create the information as indicated by their necessities and prerequisites. Ezy Quote gives the office to the clients in finding the costs as per the size, weight and the goal of the bundle. Ezy Plan gives the office to make a month to month plan for the client as indicated by their prerequisites. As a matter of fact, this office gives a chance to set aside cash. In this manner, the above brands are advanced by CourierPlease in the market. On the off chance that we see CourierPlease, it offers different inventive types of assistance to the buyers like Ezy Plan which gives the office of tie up(Courier Please: About Us, 2015). Shoppers can check the costs on the web and so on. On the off chance that we tal k about the quality, CourierPlease gives the best help as far as security, and precisely, and on time conveyance of the package. The administrations of the CourierPlease are structured well and it utilizes the innovation like web so consummately, that everybody thinks that its simple to utilize the administrations of CourierPlease. The administrations of CourierPlease are accessible in different ranges with the goal that the clients can pick the administration as per their necessities and prerequisites. CourierPlease has faith in giving the prompt conveyance as focused on the buyers. Estimating Variables In the event that evaluating factors of this dispatch administration are thought of, it gives a wide scope of costs to the customers as indicated by the offices. Customers can even picked the administration as indicated by their necessities and prerequisites however the purchasers need to address the costs of administrations at the hour of booking (Sharma, 2005). There is an office in regards to the estimating that the customer can looked over, i.e., regardless of whether the sender or the recipient is going to pay for administrations. CourierPlease additionally gives different uncommon proposals on certain events and celebrations. It gives the proposals to its extraordinary clients additionally to draw in more clients. Market Details The market for this dispatch administration can be fragmented into three portions, household section, uncommon events and business section. In the above portions, business section is the most significant fragment of the market. Household section is identified with the local market. This market really covers the general needs of the dispatch administration for household reason. Once in a while people need to send the bundle to their family members or companions. Consequently, the local market covers this kind of market(Kotler, 2010). Infrequent market is really identified with the messenger administration required on the events like relationships, birthday events and commemoration. Individuals send solicitations, blessings or desserts to others by means of messenger. Business fragment, as portrayed above, is the most valuable section in the market. This portion is really identified with the business related bundles. It incorporates the tie-up with the organizations for conveying their bundles. Today, internet business can likewise be a market section for the messenger administrations. Internet business site really conveys the item to their clients. Along these lines, they can utilize the messenger administration to satisfy these reasons. Showcasing techniques The showcasing of the dispatch administration incorporates both business to business promoting just as the business to customer advertising. For pulling in the organizations or web based business portion, to utilize the messenger administration, business to business advertising will be performed, while for drawing in the household or intermittent market fragment, direct promoting of the dispatch administration will be utilized. For business to business promoting, an appropriate introduction about the dispatch administration of CourierPlease ought to be readied which will incorporate the administrations, offers, accomplishments and different subtleties. These subtleties ought to be overseen in a legitimate configuration with the goal that the organizations can comprehend everything very clearly(Bordan, 1965). The introduction ought to be founded on genuine information. For different purposes the web advertising will be the earlier choice. Showcasing, via web-based networking media sit es, SEO and the email promoting ought to be utilized for speaking with the individuals. Different methods of showcasing will be the selling, magazine and paper notices, hoardings and formats dissemination. All the above promoting strategies ought to be very much orchestrated in an oversaw manner for the best outcomes. Dissemination Channels By and large, the dissemination channel of the messenger administration is perplexing. Same is on account of CourierPlease. The dissemination channel of the CourierPlease incorporates different advances like booking, accepting the item to be conveyed and the conveyance of the item securely. For booking of the item to be conveyed, CourierPlease utilizes the franchisees just as the web. Clients can book both at the workplace just as the internet(Aze, 2012). The accepting of the package to be conveyed can be gathered by a worker of CourierPlease or even the customer can convey the bundle at the workplace. The bundle is then sent to the goal office and afterward it is conveyed to the specific goal. Client support Client support of CourierPlease incorporates the before deals administration, after deals administration, electronic help and individual assistance. The client care can be utilized by the customers for different purposes like griping, getting subtleties, and following of package and the conveyance of bundle. One to individual help is likewise remembered for the client assistance. This incorporates the booking to distribute, bundle and taking criticism and objections from the buyers (Chand, 2013). Appraisal 2 Achievement pace of showcasing effort The battle was extremely fruitful up somewhat in pulling in the different clients. The quantity of clients for CourierPlease has expanded. On the off chance that we talk about the business to business advertising, different new organizations acknowledged the administrations of CourierPlease and the expanded utilization of the administration of CourierPlease has been seen for the residential and infrequent market yet this can be improved more by putting some extra efforts(Alipour, 2011). Components present in the accomplishment of Campaign Different components contributed in the achievement of advertising effort. For the business to business advertising, the individual introduction to the business official truly assisted with including more clients in the clients rundown of CourierPlease. Web advertising was the best factor of the showcasing. In web promoting effort, online life showcasing assisted with drawing in more clients (Woodruffe, 2008). Changes There is a need of progress in the commercial in the papers and magazines. The paper promoting ought to remember progressively well known paper and magazines for the market. Different changes are the introduction level to the organizations which ought to be improved. Website design enhancement promoting ought to be improved. Change The papers and the magazines utilized for the showcasing were very little famous. Well known paper and magazines ought to be utilized for the marketing(Lee, 2009). Some business has remarked on the introduction which isn't a lot of explaining the administrations of the association. Along these lines, the introduction level for the associations ought to be improved. As the association utilizes the web as the wellspring of organizations, along these lines the SEO ought to be centered more to improve position in the market. Book reference Messenger Please: About Us. (2015). Recovered March 23, 2015, from Courier Please: https://www.couriersplease.com.au/about-us Alipour, M. (2011). The job of administration advertising blend and its effect. 73-77. Aze, E. D. (2012). Advertising idea for dispatch administration. 23-45. Bordan, N. (1965). The idea of markting blend. Science in advertising, 386-397. Chand, S. (2013). Markenting Mix: 4 Elements of advertising . Recovered walk 23, 2015, from Your Article Library: https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/promoting/advertising blend 4-components of-showcasing blend 1147-words/7604/ Judd, V. (1987)

LIberals and Conservatives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dissidents and Conservatives - Essay Example They request that the administration treat all people on an equivalent premise, ensuring common freedoms and human rights. For instance, they approach the legislature for citizen financed programs that help moms who need premature births. They bolster long haul government assistance that administration gives to the destitute. Moderates, interestingly, don't acknowledge change to conventional method of living. In any case, there is a logical inconsistency in their convictions. For instance, they are against government programs that help premature births, since they need to spare the unborn lives (Courtwright 5); yet, they are additionally against government programs that give pre-birth care to single parents. They are against government subsidizing for the destitute, however they bolster government support for survivors of flood and quakes. Such irrational convictions held by moderates are unsatisfactory for nonconformists. To put it plainly, nonconformists and preservationists hold inverse perspectives and convictions. Nonconformists are receptive, and advance human rights, similar to fetus removal and government support for the destitute; while, traditionalists are biased, and hold opposing perspectives which dissidents consider as degenerate and

How Does Inflation Affect the Function of Money free essay sample

Clarify how expansion influences the elements of cash. Expansion is the general increment in the value level over some stretch of time. Cash is something that is commonly worthy in the trading of products and enterprises. At the point when swelling happens, the estimation of cash diminishes as a similar measure of cash cannot accepting a similar measure of items like previously. The buying influence of cash diminishes. In the event that the expansion rate is high and unexpected, loads of issues can happen. Individuals can lose trust in cash as it can not keep on keeping its worth. Individuals won't set aside their cash to contribute further. Cash loses its store of significant worth capacity. Individuals will in general keep genuine resources like terrains to hold their riches. Cash can not fill in as a mode of trade, too in light of the fact that individuals rather utilize strong items like garments or Jeans to trade for merchandise than the useless cash. We will compose a custom article test on How Does Inflation Affect the Function of Money or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Banks and different establishments tend not to loan cash to others on the grounds that the cash took care of is worth less, making them lose cash. Cash can never again be a standard for conceded ayment. Thusly, venture, obtaining and loaning are disheartened. Organizations needing money to purchase types of gear to fire up, to extend and to conquer income issues can not get enough account so they will create less yield and compensation to laborers. In addition, the costs presently can not show the genuine estimation of merchandise and buyers can be confounded about the genuine estimation of items sold. Cash loses its unit of record work also during times of high unforeseen swelling. Then again, when the expansion is low and stable (particularly request pull swelling), it really helps the economy and urges cash to work better. Value rise inspires organizations to grow yield and recruit more laborers for higher creation level. With more individuals having more pay and increments in wages to remunerate the pace of expansion, people groups buying power really may increment and they will purchase more items. Cash keeps on filling in as a successful vehicle of trade as it circles around the economy. The unit of record capacity of cash wont be influenced as the costs of products despite everything speak to the estimation of merchandise. Firms can profit by low genuine loan costs at times on account of expansion and are urged to contribute and acquire from banks. Banks are eager to loan since they can add financing costs as indicated by current swelling rate. Cash is as yet standard for conceded installments. Nonetheless, cash store of significant worth capacity may be influenced as funds worth will fall because of swelling. However as long as the expansion rate is steady and xpected, individuals can design ahead of time or set aside cash in banks for loan costs to maintain a strategic distance from any undesired impacts. However in the event that the swelling rate is low and stable, cash can work better. People groups wage increment can stay aware of the swelling rate; however costs are commonly higher, shoppers can in any case settle on buying choices and more yield to fulfill buyer requests. Cash will stream easily in the trading of merchandise simultaneously Also, consistently expanding costs show that the estimation of items may be expanding too in light of the fact that cash as a unit of record

UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUP PROJECT ABSTRACT Assignment

UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUP PROJECT ABSTRACT - Assignment Example The advanced ways of life described with negligible physical social cooperation are to a great extent to fault for the absence of data on such clear themes in the open space. This exploration in this way tries to legitimize this case by contemplating the evangelist work in Arab nations by Brazilian preachers. A preacher demonstration, much the same as evangelism, is a methods for spreading the gospel to locales thought about inaccessible by Christian disciples. The Arab world is generally Islamic which suggests that such individuals have sufficient information on religion and ostensibly Christianity. In any case, the two have various societies which might be an obstruction to changing their attitude into agreeing with the lessons of Christianity along these lines impacting their refusal to change their religions. Accommodation is a goodness of religions embraced upon by Jesus Christ and revered in the sacred books of the religion. The varying societies of the Arabs and the Brazilian preachers may ostensibly have an effect on their comprehension of cordiality, which deduces that the Arabic comprehension if neighborliness particularly corresponding to individuals crediting to different religions may affect their receipt of such shocking and radical data concerning another confidence. The exploration accordingly looks to set up the job that culture plays in getting friendliness and how the two impacts the spread of the

Database :: essays research papers

The Database      Databases are turning out to be as basic in the working environment as the stapler. Organizations use databases to monitor finance, get-aways, stock, and a large number of other taske of which are to immense to make reference to here. Essentially organizations use databases whenever a lot of information must be put away in such a house, that it can without much of a stretch be looked, classified and reviewed in various implies that can be effortlessly perused and comprehended by the end client. Databases are utilized broadly where I work. Truth be told, since Hyperion Solutions is a database and monetary knowledge programming creating organization we produce one. To keep the material inside degree I will limit the utilization of databases down to what we utilize just in the Orlando office of Hyperion Solutions alone.      In the Orlando office we have three principle databases. We have a Microsoft Access Database, a Visual Source Safe database, and a Microsoft SQL server database with a custom web customer front end. The Microsoft Access database is genuinely straightforward. We utilize this information base to monitor the PC equipment and programming arrangements that are utilized while doing quality confirmation testing and issue replication and investigating of the product item. For any one item we can have up to twenty or thirty distinct setups. At first monitoring the setups alongside the machine name and IP address was done on paper with a framework like grid. After a brief timeframe, this turned out to be very tedious and illogical. A straightforward database was set up in Access and afterward the database was shared to permit every client to have the option to discover what design every PC was in for that day or that week so the correct tests and additionally bug announcing coul d be directed. The database permits the clients to look by programming adaptation, stage type, working framework, machine name, IP address, memory size, and a few different things that are not as noteworthy. Before the database was made the designer would need to leave their work area discover the outline and to a cross reference utilizing the lattice that was drawn up, and ideally that framework was stayed up with the latest. Presently as the professionals update or change the machine setups they can enter that data promptly into the database and it will naturally give a grid see or a plain view for any specialist who needs it.

8 Signs Youre an Introvert

8 Signs Youre an Introvert October 18, 2019 Introversion  is a personality trait characterized by a focus on internal feelings rather than on external sources of stimulation. Introverts and extroverts are often viewed in terms of two extreme opposites, but the truth is that most people lie somewhere in the middle. While introverts make up an estimated 25 to 40 percent of the population, there are still many misconceptions about this personality type. It is also important to note that introversion is not the same thing as social anxiety or shyness. Being an introvert does not mean that you are socially anxious or shy. 1:34 8 Signs You're an Introvert What Is an Introvert? Introversion is one of the major  personality traits  identified in many theories of personality. People who are introverted tend to be  inward turning, or focused more on internal thoughts, feelings and moods rather than seeking out external stimulation. Introversion is generally viewed as existing as part of a continuum along with  extroversion. Introversion indicates one end of the scale, while extroversion represents the other end. The terms introversion and extroversion (also often spelled extraversion) were popularized through the work of  Carl Jung  and later became central parts of other prominent theories including the  big 5 theory  of personality. The introversion-extroversion dimension is also one of the four areas identified by the  Myers-Briggs Type Indicator  (MBTI). According to many theories of personality, everyone has some degree of both introversion and extroversion. However, people often tend to lean one way or the other. Introverts tend to be more quiet, reserved, and introspective. Unlike extroverts who gain energy from social interaction, introverts have to expend energy in social situations. After attending a party or spending time in a large group of people, introverts often feel a need to recharge by spending a period of time alone.?? Illustration by Joshua Seong. © Verywell, 2018. Causes In order to know why some people are introverted and some people are extroverted, it is important to understand the role that your bodys physiology plays. The way that your body responds to the outside environment plays a critical role in determining your level of extroversion and introversion. On a physiological level, a network of neurons located in the brainstem known as the reticular activating system (RAS) is responsible for regulating arousal levels including wakefulness and transitions between sleeping and waking.?? The RAS also plays a role in controlling how much information you take in while you are awake. When confronted by potential threats in the environment, the RAS will increase your arousal levels in order for you to be alert and ready to deal with the danger. Each person has a basic set point in terms of arousal level. Some people tend to naturally have a much higher set point, while others have a much lower set point. The psychologist Hans Eysenck suggested that these arousal levels could be thought of as a continuum. According to his arousal theory of extroversion: 15 percent of people have a minimal set point, meaning they naturally have low arousal levels15 percent of people have a high setpoint, meaning they naturally tend to be more aroused70 percent of people lie somewhere in the middle of the continuum According to Eysencks theory, introverts are those that have naturally high levels of arousal. Because introverts tend to experience chronically high arousal levels, they tend to seek activities and environments where they can escape from overstimulation. Because of their naturally high arousal levels, they are more alert and take in more information from the environment. Escaping somewhere to have time alone to recharge gives them the opportunity to process and reflect on what they have learned. Common Signs   Do you assume that you know who is an introvert and who isnt? While you  might think of an introvert as a shy wallflower  who prefers to stay home alone instead of socializing, introverts can actually come in many types with a wide variety of characteristics. There are certainly plenty of introverts who are socially reserved and who would prefer to stay home and read a book rather than go to a big party, but there are also plenty of introverts who enjoy socializing. You might even be surprised to learn that many people who you think of as social butterflies might actually be quite introverted. The following are just a few of the signs that you (or someone you know) might be an introvert. 1. Being Around Lots of People Drains Your Energy Do you ever feel exhausted after spending time with a lot of people? After a day interacting with others, do you often need to retreat to a quiet place and have an extended amount of time all to yourself? One of the major characteristics of this personality type is that introverts have to  expend  energy in social situations, unlike  extroverts  who  gain  energy from such interactions.?? That doesnt mean that all introverts avoid social events altogether. Many introverts actually enjoy spending time around others, with one key caveatâ€"introverts tend to prefer the company of close friends. While an extrovert might go to a party with the goal to meet new people, an introvert intends to spend quality time talking to good friends. 2. You Enjoy Solitude As an introvert, your  idea of a good time is a quiet afternoon to yourself to enjoy your hobbies and interests. A few hours alone with a good book, a peaceful nature walk or your favorite television program are  great ways  to help you feel recharged and energized. This does not  mean that the average introvert wants to be alone all the time. Many introverts love spending time with friends and interacting with familiar people in social situations. The key thing to remember is that after a long day of social activity, an introvert will probably want to retreat to a quiet place to think, reflect, and recharge. If having a few hours to be alone sounds like your idea of a good time, you just might be an introvert. 3. You Have a Small Group of Close Friends One common misconception about introverts is that they dont like people. While introverts typically do not enjoy a great deal of socializing, they do enjoy having a small group of friends to whom they are particularly close. Instead of having a large social circle of people they know only on a superficial level, introverts prefer to stick to deep, long-lasting relationships marked by a great deal of closeness and intimacy. Researchers have found that people high in this trait tend to have a smaller group of friends. While extroverts generally have a wide circle of friends and acquaintances, introverts typically choose their friends much more carefully. Their closest relationships tend to be profound and significant. They also prefer to interact with people on a one-on-one basis rather than in a large group setting. If your social circle tends to be small but very close, theres a pretty good chance you are an introvert. 4. People Often Describe You as Quiet and May Find It Difficult to Get to Know You Introverts are often described as quiet, reserved, mellow and are sometimes mistaken for being  shy. While some introverts certainly are shy, people certainly should not mistake an introverts  reserve for timidity. In many cases, people with this personality type simply prefer to choose their words carefully and not waste time or energy on needless chit-chat. If you are the quiet type and a bit reserved, you probably are an introvert. 5. Too Much Stimulation Leaves You Feeling Distracted and Unfocused When introverts have to spend time in activities or environments that are very hectic, they can end up feeling unfocused and overwhelmed. Extroverts, on the other hand, tend to thrive in situations where there is a lot of activity and few chances of becoming bored. According to at least one study, researchers have found that introverts tend to be more easily distracted than extroverts,?? which is part of the reason why introverts tend to prefer a quieter, less harried setting. If you tend to feel overwhelmed in busy social situations, you probably tend to be an introvert. 6. You Are Very Self-Aware Because introverts tend to be inward-turning, they also spend a great deal of time examining their own internal experiences. If you feel like you have a very good knowledge and insight into yourself, your motivations, and your feelings, you might be more of an introvert. Introverts tend to enjoy simply thinking about and examining things in their own minds. Self-awareness and self-understanding is important to introverts, so they often devote a great deal of time to learning more about themselves. This might involve exploring hobbies they enjoy, thinking about their lives, and reading books that explore themes and topics that are important to them. If you feel that you are self-aware and enjoy gaining deep knowledge about yourself, then you might be more of an introvert. 7. You Like to Learn by Watching Where extroverts tend to prefer to jump right in and learn through hands-on experience, introverts typically prefer learning through observation. While extroverts typically learn  through trial and error, introverts learn best by watching. Introverts like to watch others perform a task, often repeatedly, until they feel that they can replicate the actions on their own. When introverts do learn from personal experience, they prefer to practice somewhere private where they can build their skills and abilities without having to perform for an audience. If you like to learn more by watching rather than doing, there is a chance that you have a more introverted personality. 8. You Are Drawn to Jobs That Involve Independence As you might imagine, jobs that require a great deal of social interaction usually hold little appeal to people high in introversion. On the other hand, careers that involve working independently are often a great choice for introverts. For example, an introvert might enjoy working as a writer, accountant, computer programmer, graphic designer, pharmacist, or artist. Introversion vs. Shyness   It is important to note that introversion does not necessarily equate with shyness. In their book,  The Development of Shyness and Social Withdrawal, authors Schmidt and Buss write, Sociability refers to the motive, strong or weak, of wanting to be with others, whereas shyness refers to behavior when with others, inhibited or uninhibited, as well as feelings of tension and discomfort. Shyness indicates a fear of people or social situations. Introverts, on the other hand, simply do not like to spend lots of time interacting with other people. However, introverts do appreciate being around people to whom they are close. They find engaging in small talk tedious but do enjoy having deep, meaningful conversations. Introverts also tend to think about things before talking. They want to have a full understanding of a concept before they voice an opinion or try to offer an explanation. Understanding the Dimensions of Introversion and Shyness Misconceptions   In an excellent  article  in  Atlantic Monthly, author Jonathan Rauch took on some of the common myths and misconceptions about introverts. While introverts are often labeled as shy, aloof,  and arrogant, Rauch explains that these perceptions result from the failure of extroverts to understand how  introverts function. Extroverts have little or no grasp of introversion, Rauch suggests. They assume that company, especially their own, is always welcome. They cannot imagine why someone would need to be alone; indeed, they often take umbrage at the suggestion. As often as I have tried to explain the matter to extroverts, I have never sensed that any of them really understood. According to estimates, extroverts outnumber introverts by about three to one.?? Introverts often find that other people try to change them or even suggest that there is something wrong with them. Nothing could be further from the truth. While introverts make up a smaller portion of the population, there is no right or wrong personality type. Instead, both introverts and extroverts should strive to understand each others differences and similarities. 11 Things Introverts Want You to Know A Word From Verywell Remember, introversion is not an all-or-nothing characteristic. People can be what you might call introverts with a capital I (aka very introverted) or they might be outgoing in some situations with some introverted tendencies. Introversion exists on a continuum with extroversion, and most people tend to lie somewhere between the two. If you identify with some characteristics of introversion and some characteristics of extroversion, then there is a pretty good chance that you are one of the 70 percent of people who fall somewhere in the middle. Ambiverts tend to enjoy both spending time with others and spending time alone,?? depending on the situation and their needs at the moment. Most importantly, remember that one type isnt better than the other. Each tendency can have benefits and drawbacks depending on the situation. By better understanding your personality, however, you can learn how to play to your strengths. If you are an introvert, find ways to cope if the stimulation from the outside world becomes too much. Seek out a quiet moment where you can get away from overwhelming noises and recharge. In one study of adult introverts between the ages of 18 and 80, those who had strong social relationships and emotional regulation skills were found to be happier than those who did not have those skills. Make the most of your strengths by nurturing your close relationships in order to foster strong social connections and utilize your tendency to look inward in order to develop solid emotional understanding. Introversion is perfectly normal. If you find, however, that your introverted tendencies are the result of anxiety that impacts your normal, day-to-day functioning, consult your physician or mental health professional.

Activity-based costing and traditional costing Essaypilot

Activity Based Costing (ABC) refers to a methodology which recognizes organizational activities and allocates the expense/cost of every project with resources to all goods and services in accordance to the actual usage by each. Consequently, the methodology assigns more of overhead costs (overheads) into direct costs as compared to convectional costing. In addition, the Chartered Institute of Management (CIMA) describes ABC as an approach of costing and monitoring various business tasks that comprise of resource tracing, usage and final outputs costing. Project resources are issued to tasks and tasks assigned to cost objects on consumption estimate basis. Moreover, the consumption estimate applies cost drivers to match activity costs to outputs. Furthermore, the method aims at estimating elements of costs for the whole product, service or activity. The estimation assists a company in decision making to either recognize and cancel unprofitable goods and services and reduce prices of overpriced products or identify and remove ineffective activities and services and assign processing aspects which contribute to the very same product at a better output. Similarly, the approach focuses on the allocation of costs in operational management thus helps in segregating variable costs, fixed costs and overhead costs. Therefore, the process plays different roles such as looking for unnecessary expenses that might be cancelled from a project, fixing price to a service or product via analytical resolution and identifying products that are inefficient, activities and departments. On the other hand traditional costing refers to the assignment of factory overheads to goods and services based on the number of production resources consumed. According to the method overhead is normally utilized based on either the volume of direct labor hours used or machine time consumed. The problem with the method is that factory overhead might be higher than the allocation basis. Therefore, a small change in the quantity of resources utilized strikes a massive change in the volume of overheads applied. The phenomenon is common particularly in places with highly automated environments of production whereby the factory overhead is big but the direct labor is almost nonexistent. For example you may realize that factory overhead is supposed to be charged to services and products at the rate of $500 per every direct hour of labor. Therefore, in case of a small change in production process which increases direct labor by an hour it means that the product cost has just rose by $500 o f overhead. In such a situation does not make sense because not every time a direct relationship exists between production resources and the overheads. Therefore, Activity-based costing was formulated to circumvent the issue with traditional costing. The analysis is more comprehensive displaying the relationship between cost drivers and overhead costs such that majority of driver costs can be applied to form a well-founded overhead costs allocation. Consequently, in estimating the costs involved with the production of new products of the ConceptErgo Company both activity-based costing and traditional costing will be worked upon effectively to influence an appropriate decision.

The Five Types of Organizational Structure - 516 Words

Manager’s of an organization has to use structure to help the company run efficiently. â€Å"The five types of organizational structures are functional, divisional, matrix, team-based, and virtual network† (Draft, 2013, p.316). Functional structure in an organization that is developed by grouping departments by the skills, level of knowledge, activities done daily, and the resource used. â€Å"This structure places specific departments from the bottom to the top† (Draft, 2013, p.318). For example, specific departments such as: human resources, accounting, engineering, and manufacturing are placed at the top, while there are mostly seen at the bottom in other organizations. While common functions such as; people, facilities, and other resources are combined together as a single department instead of being divided into multiple departments. â€Å"Divisional structure is known by the approach of having similar skills and resources grouped together into divisions† (Draft, 2013, p.318). This occurs when a company has common goals that the company wants to achieve. This allows all skills and departments to come together and produce the goal there are looking to achieve. In this type of structure not one person is viewed as important than the next one, because it takes everyone to work together to produce the outcome the company wants to achieve. â€Å"The matrix structure uses both functional and divisional structures to run an organization† (Draft, 2013, p.321). This allows the company toShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Archetypes1355 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Organizational Archetypes Grantham University Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine Mintzberg’s organizational archetypes and to explain why an organizational template is a good idea. It will also explore briefly, the subject of teamwork and leadership and why there are not enough true leaders today. Organizational Archetypes To be successful, an organization has to be made up of quality people. 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Roman Emperor Titus Biography

Dates: c December 30, 41 A.D. to 81 A.D. Reign: 79 A.D. to September 13, 81 A.D. The Reign of Emperor Titus The most momentous events during the short reign of Titus were the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius and the destruction of the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. He also inaugurated the Roman Colosseum, the amphitheater that his father had built. Titus, the older brother of the notorious emperor Domitian and son of Emperor Vespasian and his wife Domitilla, was born December 30 around 41 A.D. He grew up in the company of Britannicus, son of Emperor Claudius and shared his training. This meant Titus had enough military training and was ready to be a legatus legionis when his father Vespasian received his Judaean command. While in Judaea, Titus fell in love with Berenice, daughter of Herod Agrippa. She later came to Rome where Titus continued his affair with her until he became emperor. In 69 A.D., the armies of Egypt and Syria hailed Vespasian emperor. Titus put an end to the revolt in Judaea by conquering Jerusalem and destroying the Temple; so he shared the triumph with Vespasian when he returned to Rome in June 71 A.D. Titus subsequently shared 7 joint consulships with his father and held other offices, including that of praetorian prefect. When Vespasian died on June 24, 79 A.D., Titus became emperor, but only lived another 26 months. When Titus inaugurated the Flavian Amphitheater in 80 A.D., he lavished the people with 100 days of entertainment and spectacle. In his biography of Titus, Suetonius says Titus had been suspected of riotous living and greed, perhaps forgery, and people feared he would be another Nero. Instead, he put on lavish games for the people. He banished informers, treated senators well, and helped out victims of fire, plague, and volcano. Titus was, therefore, remembered fondly for his short reign. Domitian (a possible fratricide) commissioned an Arch of Titus, honoring the deified Titus and commemorating the Flavians sack of Jerusalem. Trivia Titus was emperor at the time of the famous eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 79 A.D. On the occasion of this disaster and others, Titus helped the victims. Sources The Occasion of the Domitianic Persecution, Donald McFayden The American Journal of Theology Vol. 24, No. 1 (Jan. 1920), pp. 46-66DIR, and Suetonius

The Unified Modeling Language ( Uml ) - 1386 Words

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Time Stands Still(play) By Donald Margulies Example

Essays on Time Stands Still(play) By Donald Margulies Book Report/Review number Book review The play, â€Å"time stands still,† is about a couple who try to make their affiliation work after theIraq war. It revolves around two couples Sarah and James, and Richard and Mandy. James is a writer while Sarah is a photojournalist. They share a common job covering war zone areas. While on duty, Sarah survived an explosion and is discharged from hospital. The explosion left Sarah’s face with a scar and almost made her to lose her leg. She has to reunite with her long-term lover. However, there is a problem with their relationship related to the Sarah’s success. Richard, an ally to Sarah and James, is their editor at a magazine. Richard is dating Mandy who is an event organizer at a tender age of twenty-three. Sarah feels Mandy’s job is less of a challenge compared to her career. Sarah has to choose between having a regular life and going back to the cover news in war zone. She says that Mandy’s job is rather childish when she qu otes, â€Å"there’s the young and there’s the embryotic.† James has spent most of his career documenting the mayhems of battle and as a freelancing writer. He is of the opinion that people have not learnt anything from the war. He says the wars consume people and turn their perspective towards life (Margulies, 24). The costumes used by the cast symbolized the various roles they undertook. Richard’s attire was more stylish. His sky blue shirt and brown khaki pants made him to appear more senior than James. James wore blue jeans and brown striped shirt which indicated he was a freelancer, as opposed to suits and ties which are normally worn by office employees. Sarah’s costume did blend in with the play. She had a grey sweater and jeans which gave her an elderly look compared to Mandy. The leg cast, crutches and the red scar on Sarah’s face demonstrate how severe the explosion was. The stage is set up to bring in the old Brooklyn apartment by using the window backdrop and the cabinet. The seats, the wall portrait, the wooden table bring the home effect into the play. The teacup used by James when talking to Richard shows that it is truly a home. The play would be better if Mandy’s attire were up-to-date. Instead of the long leather boots and spotted dress, maybe some heels and nice modern suit would showcase the event organizing aspect better. The actor’s performance managed to get Donald Margulies thought. They managed to own their individual roles. James and Sarah’s final marriage marks the climax of the play (Margulies, 58).Works CitedMargulies, Donald. Times Stands Still. New York: Dramatists Play Service, 2011.Print.

Dracula Coursework Free Essays

TRAN5291M Traffic Network Modelling Assignment: [Dracula Coursework] Student ID Number: [200750558] Lecturer: [Dr. Ronghui Liu] Submission Date: [12/03/2013] Semester: [Semester 2] Academic Year: [2012-2013] Words: [1546] Table of Content 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Dracula Coursework or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3 2. Task coding for base scenario†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Task C (Simulation for proposed bus lane scheme)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 4. Task D (comparison of bus stop and bus lay by)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 5. Task E (Proposed Scheme)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 6. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 7. Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 0 1. Introduction Otley is a market town in the outskirts of Leeds having population of 14124(National statistics. 2004). Otley town council wants to patronage public transport service by improving bus services to market and improving local environment by traffic reduction. We as a transport planner have been tasked to measure the effectiveness of inclusion of bus lane on link 24-17 which is a two lane carriage way serving all traffic, also to consider a change of bus layby to a bus stop Figure 1 Otley Network The bus service in on route from zone 105 to 109 with a frequency of one every 10 minutes. Data collected from Dracula after simulation for bus route which have 2 bus stop and one layby holds the base scenario for this report and also to which the proposed scheme is compared. 2. Task coding for base scenario 2. Simulation of the Base Scenario For base scenario, the network is coded with 2 bus stop on link 24-17 and 15-9 and a bus lay by on link 16-15, 5 iteration were done with random NSEED no which are shown in table 1 Day 1| Day 2| Day 3| Day 4| Day 5| NSEED| 12345| 23456| 34567| 45678| 56789| Table 1. Random NSEED NO. Data collected for this simulation in this report included average total journey time for cars and buses over the network for 5 days which was 90. 26 seconds with standard deviation of 2. 26 for cars and 354. 68 seconds with standard deviation of 7. 55 for buses. The total Journey time data was taken from net. REB file Figure 1. Base scenario average journey time for 5 days 3 Task C 3. 1Simulation for proposed bus lane scheme Simulation for proposed bus lane on link 24-17 were carried with same NSEED no as in the base scenario with respective days. Figure 2. Average journey time with bus lane As the graph indicates average total journey time for cars is 89. 62 and for bus is 339. 48 sec ,which has decreased in comparison with the base scenario. When the average journey times for the base scenario is compared with the proposed bus lane scheme as shown in figure 3,it was observed that although the journey time with the inclusion of bus lane have decreased but the deviation from the mean is higher compared to base scenario. As from the figure 3 the maximum deviation for the bus lane scheme not much higher as in the case of base scenario but with a minimum deviation there is a probability that journey time with bus lane scheme can reduce further. Figure 3. comparison of avg. journey times for base scenario and bus lane journey time In case of cars the change in average total journey time does not have a significant impact as the journey time in the base scenario changes form 90. 26 hours to 89. 26 hours and also the error bar in both the cases is vey less. Figure 4. Average journey time for cars The average number of passengers in the bus lane scheme have decreased from 163 passengers to 158 and also the error bar in the bus lane scheme is high compared to base scenario, shown in Table 1 | Bus lane scheme avg| Error bar| Base scenario avg| Error bar| Npsg| 158. 2| 20. 5| 163. 6| 7. 68| Pdelay(m)| 761. 28| 110. 598| 777. 82| 57. 29| Tdwell(s)| 1082| 224. 9| 1100. 6| 98. 36| Table 1:Comparision of base scenario and bus lane scheme for bus The passenger delay and bus dwell time have rather decreased but the error bar in the respective cases for bus lane scheme are high compared to base scenario. Although the journey time, number of passenger, passenger delay and bus dwell time are decreasing in bus lane scheme compared to base scenario but the error bar are comparatively high, hence it is more appropriate to have a reliable system and inclusion of bus lane would not affect the overall current bus service of the otley network significantly, but its inclusion can improve certain parts of the network which are significant in improving public transport service . Task D (comparison of bus stop and bus lay by) Analysing the performance of lay by on link 17- 15 with no bus lane the average total journey time for cars almost remained the same and does not have any significant impact . But in case of bus the total journey time with layby was more when compared with the bus stop scenario, also the error bar in the bus top scenar io was smaller that of a layby scenario, as shown in figure 5 Figure 6. comparison of average journey time for bus layby and bus stop scenario. Comparing the average no of passengers ,passenger delay time and bus dwell time the bus lay by scenario was better than the bus stop scenario as the number of passenger decreased in bus stop scenario with bigger error bar compared to base scenario, passenger delay does not have a significant impact but bus dwell time was smaller than the base scenario but the value for error bar is just double in the bus stop scenario ,as shown in table 7. | Bus stop scenario avg| Error bar| Bus layby scenario avg| Error bar| Npsg| 158. 4| 16. 9| 163. 6| 7. 68| Pdelay(m)| 779. 87| 96. 64| 777. 82| 57. 29| Tdwell(s)| 1080. 4| 183. 63| 1100. 6| 98. 36| Table 2. Comparison of bus stop and bus lay by scenario In case of Queuing delay bus lay bay have larger queuing delay than bus stop queuing delay, as shown in figure 7 Figure 7. comparison of queuing delay for bus layby and bus stop More Queuing delay in bus layby than that in bus stop case is because once bus get off the road to pick passengers, bus ha ve to face congestion because of other cars which are already in the route . Comparing the average speed for bus in both the scenarios buses on link 16 -15 with bus stop have higher average speed than the case of a layby, as shown in figure 8 Figure 8. comparison of average speed for bus Bus also create congestion for other vehicle while they are boarding or deboarding the passengers. Performance flow on link 16 -15 for cars is shown in figure 9 Figure 9. Comparison of performed flow for cars Figure above show that the performance flow for cars was better in case of bus stop than that of a layby. Analysing the simulation for both bus stop and bus lay by the average journey time for bus top was significantly smaller compared to bus lay by on link 16-15,other factors such as average speed ,no of passengers ,passenger delay time and bus dwell time does not have a significant impact . Hence replacing bus layby with a bus stop would be beneficial and would encourage more usage of public transport service. 5. Task E (Proposed Scheme) Improvement of public transport service can be done if passengers already have seasonal tickets, this will reduce the bus dwell time and would also decrease the passenger delay at the bus stop. Proposal is given for a bus lane of length on link 24-17 with a bus stop on link 16 -15 and encouraging 50 percent of the passengers to have seasonal tickets. Frequency of the bus is kept the same as in the case of base scenario Improving infrastructure could be helpful in improving public transport service as on the network there are sharp turns which cause manoeuvring difficulties and causes some of the time delay (e. g. turn from link 24-17 to 17-15) The average journey time for proposed scheme is shown in figure 10 As shown in the above graph the average journey time have decreased considerably after inclusion of seasonal ticket, bus lane and bus stop on link 16 -15. Although the error bar for the proposed scheme is double of the base scenario but the maximum error of the proposed scheme is lesser than the minimum error for the base scenario. In terms of environment the proposed scheme does not have a huge impact on environment, as the co2,NOx and hydrocarbon emission are nearly same in both the cases, as shown in table 3. | Pollutants emission and fuel consumption|   | Base scenario|   | Proposed scheme|   |   | | Avg| Error Bar| Avg| Error Bar|   | Co2 (Kg)| 33. 71| 1. 37| 34. 11| 0. 37|   | Nox(Kg)| 0. 694| 0. 03| 0. 7| 0. 007|   | Hc (Kg)| 2. 28| 0. 09| 2. 318| 0. 02|   | Fuel (L)| 158| 6. 45| 159. 5| 1. 7|   | Table 3. Pollutant emission in base scenario and proposed scheme Comparing the queuing delay for both the scenarios ,queuing delay for bus in proposed scheme was le sser as compared to that of the base scenario. Figure 11. Comparison of queuing delay for proposed scheme and base scenario With inclusion of bus stop and bus lane the average speed for busses increases form 12. 23 kmph to 14. 95 kmph as shown in figure12 When comparing the average no of passengers ,passenger delay at bus stop and bus dwell time we see that the no of passenger at the bus stop have increased and bus dwell time have decreased which is beneficial in improvement of public transport services. 6. Conclusion In the proposed scheme for the otley network in Dracula the inclusion of bus lane on link 24-17 and a bus stop on link 16-15 is beneficial . lso 50 percent of passengers having seasonal ticket is an advantage as it is reducing the bus dwell time and also the bus total journey time. 7. Reference 1. Office for National Statistics. (2004). Neighbourhood statistics. Available: http://www. neighbourhood. statistics. gov. uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset. do;jsessionid=zqGzR8CX0hh2WhLzqnHLh6GKBsqNYD19kNYPFXyCkSQjL4BBM092! 1701030348! 1362936375650? instanceSelection=03070productId=7. Last accessed 10/03/2013. 2. Dr. Ronghui Liu (2005). Dracula manual. ITS,LEEDS: Handouts. 1-147. How to cite Dracula Coursework, Papers

Google China free essay sample

Chinese language search engine launched in china in 2006 (pg. 37) Company was private until 2004, Page and Brin decided to conduct a Dutch auction Dutch auction was designed to â€Å"democratize IPO share allocation and afford companies and early investors the best price†( pg. 40) Company 5,680 employees were scattered throughout the world (pg. 41) 2005 positive cash flow of 3. 45 billion (pg. 41) Revenue of $6. 14 billion (pg. 41) Google motto â€Å"don’t be evil† (pg. 42) â€Å"With a population of 1. 6 billion people, China had become an attractive market for many U. S. -based multinationals† Chinese internet controlled through both governmental and censorship (self-Censorship) (pg. 47) Chinese government was able to monitor all foreign internet traffic by routers (URLs) (pg. 47) In 2002, google. com was inaccessible for 2 weeks, it was slow and temperamental for all Chinese users (pg. 53) Google was losing market share to Baidu, yahoo, an Microsoft (pg. 53) Step 3: Write the problem statement. Tom Maclean, the director of International Business for Google Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on Google China or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page was facing whether to continue google. cn in China or just leave it as google. com, even though google. Would be a slower search engine in china and may not give Google Inc. any profit. Maclean has to address this problem within 24 hours or Google Inc. may lose profits from China. Step 4: State an objective for the manager involved. Short-term objectives: 1. To- Rebuild reputation that was damaged 2. To- maintain both search engines Long-term objectives: 1. To- Google should continue with their mission to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful 2. To – create better methods to make google. cn filter the Chinese information Step 5: Identify and rank order critical issues related to the problem. Here lies the heart of the case; if you miss a critical issue, you miss the opportunity to solve the case to the satisfaction of involved stakeholders. Identify least to most critical. Specify which issue should be addressed first. 1. The damage caused by Google Inc. 2. finding methods in filtering google. cn 3. Google. cn whether it should continue in China, since Google was losing market share to others such as yahoo, Microsoft, and Baidu Step 6: Consider relevant information and underlying assumptions related to the problem. Fact- Chinese government censors search results about â€Å"harmful Material† Fact- China is a great place to obtain investments Assumption- Google. cn would do good Step 7: List possible solutions to the problem. 1. First solution. Google should get rid of Google. cn in china and just let it be google. com Advantages Advantage- don’t have to worry about the censorship and regulations Advantage- all places would have the same search engine Disadvantages Disadvantage- slower search engine Disadvantage- Chinese wouldn’t use it at a search engine Possible Outcomes Best: Google. com would be a good search engine and the Chinese will use it Most Likely: Chinese will not use google. com as there search engine, causing Google to lose money Least Likely: Google. com would be the Chinese search engine 2. Second solution Google will continue on with google. cn in China Advantages Advantage- it would make Google Inc. profit Advantage- Google will rebuild reputation that was damaged Disadvantages Disadvantage- Chinese users would be aware of the filtering but not the exact nature of filtering Disadvantage- everything goes through the Chinese government Possible Outcomes Best: Google. cn will be the best search engine and Google Inc. will rebuild the damaged caused Most Likely: Google. cn will be good and make Google Inc. profit Least Likely: Chinese government won’t get involved in google. cn Step 8: Select the best solution. What should the manager do and why? Support with evidence. Google Inc. should move forward with google. cn and persuade china to lower their regulations and expectations. Step 9: Decide how to implement the solution. Create a plan of action—actions required, time line, resources, personnel, impact on the organization, measurement of results. Tom Maclean should implement the solution in the meeting he is going to have, let them know that google. cn will continue to work in China but it will be more organized and need the Chinese government to lower their expectations. Step 10: Explain how to communicate the solution. How to communicate the message and to whom. Consider the needs of your target audience and the needs of stakeholders. Think about timing as well. He should communicate the message through a press conference, within the next day of his decision.

Three Georges Dam Essays - Yangtze River, Three Gorges Dam, Yichang

Three Georges Dam The United States, China and the Three Gorges Dam: Toward A Sounder Foreign Environmental Policy Yumiko Kojima, Kyoko Murai, Howard Pang, and Elena Vitale The Three Gorges Dam project on Chinas Yangzi River is the worlds largest hydroelectric undertaking. While Chinese leaders say the dam will improve river navigation, prevent periodic flooding, and provide the needed electricity for Chinas growing economy, many doubt that the dam will be able to meet the proponents claims and instead point to evidence of environmental catastrophe if it is built. Under pressure from NGOs, the Clinton Administration has opposed the provision of competitive export financing for the dam. This decision sparked criticism from U.S. executives who argue that by not participating the United States is losing jobs and the opportunity to mitigate the negative aspects of the dam. This paper argues that the U.S. position was justified. As part of a consistent and credible environmental policy to promote sustainable development, the United States should integrate environmental guidelines into its commercial diplomacy. U.S. policy towards China should provide support for prudent environmental policies as well as environmental technology transfers, both to foster environmentalism and advance U.S. commercial interests. Introduction Construction of the Three Gorges Dam on Chinas Yangzi River began in earnest in late November 1997, perhaps marking the end of almost 15 years of debate on the project among American policymakers. However, the case highlights a key dilemma in U.S. foreign policy-making that is likely to remain for years to come: how to balance U.S. commercial interests with environmental concerns. Though lauded by environmentalists, the Export-Import (Ex-Im) Banks decision not to provide financing for U.S. equipment suppliers vying for dam-related contracts has been criticized roundly by American corporations. They claim the policy hampers their efforts to break into the lucrative Chinese market. The prospect of similar potentially destructive megadams being proposed in other emerging economies means that U.S. policy on the Three Gorges Dam sets a precedent that will either aid or hamper American efforts to promote sounder environmental policies abroad. This paper will examine the Ex-Im Banks decision and its implications for U.S. foreign environmental policy. To this end, it will first outline the rationales behind support for and opposition to the project, including an evaluation of the net environmental impact of the dam. The following section will consider several issues raised by the case in order to assess the merits of the U.S. governments stance. The paper concludes with some recommendations for a more credible and consistent U.S. foreign environmental policy. Background The concept of the Three Gorges Dam is over 75 years old, dating back to when it was first proposed by the nationalist leader Sun Yat-Sen, in 1919. The dam was a dream of communist leader Mao Zedong, who felt it would be a potent symbol of Chinas self-sufficiency and ability to develop without western aid. In 1992, Chinese leaders officially announced plans to harness the rivers power by constructing the worlds largest hydroelectric dam only after communist leaders managed to silence opposition and pushed the plan through the National Peoples Congress. The Three Gorges refers to a 120-mile stretch of limestone cliffs along the upper reaches of the Yangzi River where the water drops precipitously through the Qutang, Wu, and Xiling gorges. The region is linked to folklore and important historical events, and its beauty has inspired Chinese painters and classical poets such as Li Bai for centuries. Since the dams approval, however, the project has met with significant opposition, both domestic and international, as human rights groups, environmentalists, and historians decry the extraordinary costs the dam will incur. The dam, which will be 1.3 miles long and 610 feet high, is expected to be completed by 2009. It will create a 385 mile-long reservoir stretching back up the river that will totally engulf the Three Gorges, as well as 115,000 acres of rich farmland, thirteen cities, hundreds of villages, and countless historic temples and archeological sites. Between 1.4 and 1.9 million people will need to be resettled. The project poses significant ecological dangers, technical challenges, and human rights issues and has raised questions about the rights of other industrialized nations to intervene in Chinese internal affairs. It is the largest, most expensive, and

Artifact Speech Outline Essays

Artifact Speech Outline Essays Artifact Speech Outline Paper Artifact Speech Outline Paper Thesis Statement: Today, brought in my old hockey stick that represents the impact that the game has had on me as a person and how the game has strengthened my relationships with people. D. Main Points: 1. First, I will explain the importance of the game of hockey and how it has helped me personally. 2. Second, I will share with you how have become even closer with family members through this game. 3. Finally, I will explain why chose to bring this stick over any other stick or piece of equipment. II. Body A. The game has done a great deal to help me become a better person. 1 . At a young age hockey taught me how to stay committed to something and how to work as a team. Hockey also trained me to become a leader. These are great skills to have especially at a young age and they have continued to pay dividends for me, as I grow older. 2. These skills have made high school and now college a little easier for me. Leadership and teamwork are essential in the business world, so as a business student here at UCM I am grateful to have learned these skills at a young age. Transition: Now that I have told you how the game has helped me as a person, I will now share how the game has brought me even closer with family members. B. I have become very close with my Dad through the game of hockey. The game also brought me very close to my Grandpa before he died. 1 . You would never be able to tell through all the arguments and yelling but hockey made my dad and I best friends. As a young kid we would always go to Wings games. As I started playing travel he decided to be my first coach. By the time was playing in high school he was my biggest fan screaming louder for me than all the other fans combined. 2. My Pop, grandpa in German, also became very close with me through the game of hockey. He called himself the equipment manager. He always made sure I had new gear when I needed it and never missed one game Of mine in 10 years. Transition:Now that I have explained how have became very close tit loved ones through the game I will share with you the reason I chose to bring this stick over any other equipment to represent me. C. As told you my grandfather was a huge part of my hockey career. 1. Unfortunately at 82 years old my Pop passed away. But even when he wasnt in great health he found a way to help me and still be the equipment manager he always was. 2. This stick was the last thing he got me. Broke my stick in the last game of my senior year before playoffs. Even though he know I could possibly only play one more game if we lost in the first round of playoffs he went out and pent over $200 to get me the same stick had broke because he knew it was my favorite one.

The Fierce Warrior-Slaves Known as the Mamluks

The Fierce Warrior-Slaves Known as the Mamluks The Mamluks were a class of warrior-slaves, mostly of Turkic or Caucasian ethnicity, who served between the 9th and 19th century in the Islamic world. Despite their origins as slaves, the Mamluks often had higher social standing than free-born people. In fact, individual rulers of Mamluk background reigned in various countries, including the famous Mahmud of Ghazni in Afghanistan and India, and every ruler of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and Syria (1250-1517). Slaves of High Standing The term mamluk means slave in Arabic, and comes from the root malaka, meaning to possess. Thus, a mamluk was a person who was owned.  It is interesting to compare Turkish Mamluks with Japanese geisha or Korean gisaeng, in that they were technically considered women of pleasure, yet they could hold a very high status in society. No geisha ever became Empress of Japan, however. Rulers valued their slave-warrior armies because the soldiers often were raised in barracks, away from their homes and even separated from their original ethnic groups.  Thus, they had no separate family or clan affiliation to compete with their military esprit de corps. However, the intense loyalty within the Mamluk regiments sometimes allowed them to band together and bring down the rulers themselves, installing one of their own as sultan instead. The Mamluks Role in History Its not a surprise that the Mamluks were key players in several important historical events.  In 1249, for example, the French king Louis IX launched a Crusade against the Muslim world.  He landed at Damietta, Egypt, and essentially blundered up and down the Nile for several months, until he decided to besiege the town of Mansoura.  Instead of taking the city, however, the Crusaders ended up running out of supplies and starving themselves  The Mamluks wiped out Louiss weakened army shortly thereafter at the Battle of Fariskur on April 6, 1250.  They seized the French king and ransomed him off for a tidy sum. A decade later, the Mamluks faced a new foe.  On September 3, 1260, they triumphed over the Mongols of the Ilkhanate at the Battle of Ayn Jalut.  This was a rare defeat for the Mongol Empire and marked the south-western border of the Mongols conquests.  Some scholars have suggested that the Mamluks saved the Muslim world from being erased at Ayn Jalut; whether or not that is the case, the Ilkhanates themselves soon converted to Islam. Egypts Fighting Elite More than 500 years after these events, the Mamluks were still Egypts fighting elite when Napoleon Bonaparte of France launched his 1798 invasion.  Bonaparte had dreams of driving overland through the Middle East and seizing British India, but the British navy cut off his supply routes to Egypt and like Louis IXs earlier French invasion, Napoleons failed.  However, by this time the Mamluks were outmatched and outgunned.  They were not nearly as decisive a factor in Napoleons defeat as they had been in earlier battles.  As an institution, the Mamluks days were numbered. The Mamluks End The Mamluks finally ceased to be in the later years of the Ottoman Empire. Within Turkey itself, by the 18th century, the sultans no longer had the power to collect young Christian boys from Circassia as slaves, a process called, and train them as Janissaries. Mamluk corps survived longer in some of the outlying Ottoman provinces, including Iraq and Egypt, where the tradition continued through the 1800s.

Love, Beauty, and Honor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Love, Beauty, and Honor - Essay Example The image of ideal appearance also undergoes constant changes. Women who were treated as the most beautiful during baroque seem to be ugly today. Modern people do not behave the same way as they did many centuries ago. The changes in the understanding of beauty, love and honor should be analyzed in detail in order to see the development of the humanity. However, it is possible if one analyzes all the periods of art development: classical, renaissance, baroque, romanticism, realism, impressionism, post-impressionism, modern and contemporary. It is necessary to stress that the notions of love, beauty and honor are closely connected with Humanities. It is possible to research these terms and changes in them only with the help of these sciences. The latter give an opportunity to resort to the use of historical facts, literature, arts and teach us to think analytically. It is impossible to view the changes in the image of beauty, love and honor without going back to some historical facts and the works of famous artists. Otherwise, the research will be plain and unreasoned. Initially, there was no ideal image of human beauty because only gods were depicted as the best-looking creatures. Nobody could be prettier than them. The majority of artists and sculptures depicted ideal bodies of gods. They seldom used ordinary people for their works. All sculptures and pictures demonstrated ideal body because the artists applied young athletes for models. It is necessary to stress that the ideal female beauty in classical period was represented by the image of Aphrodite mentioned in Homeric writings. Practically all sculptures and paintings depicted naked people. It was quite normal for classical period. There were some changes in renaissance. It should be noted that renaissance perceptions of beauty are easily seen in Botticelli’s Venus and Mars that is placed in the National Gallery in London. Thus, an ideal beauty of renaissance should have symmetrical features of her body and face, perfect alabaster skin. One should have high forehead, pale skin, the sharply defined chin, strawberry blond hair, delicate and high eyebrows, full lips, narrow mouth and strong nose. Venus depicted by Botticelli is dressed; however, it is done so that it is easy to understand that she has ideal body. The renaissance and humanism rejected the point of view that only gods can be beautiful and viewed beauty as a consequence of harmony of proportions and rational order. Renaissance artists began to stress human sexuality. The emphasis was made on female breast. Baroque period opposed to renaissance. All the artists belonging to this period resorted to the use of clearly defined planes. There was a continuous overlapping of elements and figures. All depictions looked psychologically and physically real. More bright and dramatically colors were applied. Caravaggio is the most celebrated representative of this period. The most famous pictures are: The Rich Old Man from the Parable by Rembrandt, Cupboard by Georg Flegel, The Coronation of the Virgin by Diego Velazquez, etc. The pictures and sculptures of the artists of this period demonstrated fat bodies because they were in fashion. An ideal woman of baroque should have fat hips, blond hair and deep navel. The period of romanticism was predetermined by rococo. An ideal woman should have resemblance with china statuette. This meant having thin waist, small head, roundish hips and narrow shoulders. Women wore pompous dresses

Major Theories of Crime Causation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Major Theories of Crime Causation - Term Paper Example Cultural deviance theory is a subset of a bigger range of theories which all have to do with the structure, or more exactly, the stratification of human society. Stratification is the way that objects are arranged in layers, such as in ancient rock formations, for example, and in society the term refers to the economic or social classes that exist in human societies. There are always some people who have a lot of wealth and power, and these people represent the upper classes. They enjoy prestige and privileged access to many of the benefits of society. Below this layer are those who are comfortable and can access some but not all of the advantages that a society offers, and at the bottom of the heap are the poor, who very often struggle to meet basic needs and are excluded from many of the benefits of society. The proportion of the population in each stratum can vary according to the culture and the history of different places. Some countries, like the USA and most of Western Europe has a very large middle class, while others, like India, have a huge lower class. In all societies it has been noted that the classes at the bottom of this hierarchy tend to have more crime. Economic disadvantage, therefore, is a factor which can lead to greater levels of crime. Lack of wealth results in an environment where people do not have the spare income to spend on keeping the place in order, and this means that disorganization and chaos is more likely to occur. Middle and upper class communities take more pride in their local area because they have invested a lot of resources in their homes, for example in buying or renting nice properties and making their gardens and houses neat and clean. People who struggle to put food on the table do not have the luxury to look after their neighbourhood, and crime develops in the neglected public spaces. In this context there is much less to lose, and so there is a greater tendency to opt out of constructive community efforts. People do not become attached to the place, or their neighbors and in fact â€Å"Residents in crime-ridden neighborhoods try to leave at the earliest opportunity.† (Siegel, 2007, p. 126) Life in an economically disadvantaged area is stressful and results in a culture forming in which those who are not able to move out and up into a more advantageous layer of society find ways of adapting to their environment. The cultural disadvantage theory observes that lower-class people have different values than middle and upper class people. They do not try to compete in conventional arenas like education and employment, but seek success in different ways, and measured by different standards. So for example instead of working through an apprenticeship and starting a long term career, lower class people set their sights on the values of the street: being tough and streetwise, doing deals and gaining income in ways which demand street wisdom rather than conventional submission to rules. The usual authority figures such as parents, teachers, police, are seen as influences to be r ejected, in favor of a kind of rebellious autonomy. In this world view crime plays a big part, because

Consumer perception towards service quality of Internet banking

Consumer perception towards service quality of Internet banking To perceive customers perception towards quality aspect of services provided through remote banking channels. Objectives and scope of study: To give a detailed account of the services offered by the banks in the Banking sector through Remote Banking ( Internet banking). Perception of consumer towards the quality of Remote Banking including parameters like (Usability, Convenience, efficiency, effectiveness). To understand the level of e-banking exposure of the banking sector (private and public). To study the future prospects and scenario in line of the banking sector. Methodology: Will conduct a mail based pilot survey to find out what are the common concerns problems faced by the i-service users at present. It will also give an insight on the future expectations from remote banking services from users perspective. Collecting info. About the various services offered through Remote Banking from information available on the net, written material and by questioning /interviewing working executives of various banks. A survey to be carried out to identify what the bank service users think about the quality of Remote banking services offered using a questionnaire, on a representative sample of working executives in the age group of 20 40 yrs. Location: Auckland(CBD) ,New Market Scaling Technique : Non -Comparative Research Design : Descriptive (Cross -Sectional) Sources of Information :Primary Secondary Sample Technique: Convenient sampling Analysis on the basis of data collected through primary secondary sources and application of various marketing tools Interpretation of data. Introduction Banking sector plays a vital role in the economies world over, during the past decade the banking sector has undergone an astronomical change in terms of technology. Traditional mode of banking is fast loosing ground to one click banking(E-Banking).The figure below shows the perceived threat by the banks which are responsible for the above transformation. Substitute(customization) New Entrant Banks(Rivalry) Buyer Supplier Porters 5 Model Rivalry, competition among rival banks can drive the profit of the banking industry to zero. Industry concentration is a real term indicator of the extent of rivalry in the industry. In USA alone there are approximately 7000 banks with around 82000 branched at end of 2008.Chinas top banks constituted to around 67000 branched, there are around 129 different banks in Japan and finally the combined number of different branches in UK, Francs and Germany exceeded 30000(Wikipedia). With effective use of technology(Introducing e-commerce, mobile banking), a bank can improve its distribution and communication channels thus creating a niche in the minds of the customer, other banks have to follow suit to maintain the competitive advantage. Substitute, threat of a substitute exists when the price elasticity of a product is affected, due to abundance of similar type of product offering. There are a lots of banks operating across the banking industry all round the world. Customizing product offering or upgrading the already existing financial product is a common practice(Jayawardhena Paul Foley). These innovations in product development and delivering was a pivotal factor for the banks to adopt internet related tools in day to day operations. New Entrants, due to the increase number of players within the banking industry, the purchasing power of the buyers have increased many folds (Jayawardhena Paul Foley). With a wide spread use of technology and internet adoption there exists ample opportunities for financial companies and other new entrants to reach the target customers and show their uniqueness in terms of product offerings. Perceiving the actual advantage of using internet technology for reaching the customer, product offering, banking operations becomes all the more important for the participating players of the industry. Buyers, customers of a bank, are perhaps the most important assets of a bank. Increased number of choices across the banking industry leaves the customer with ample of choices. Banks in order to retain their customers and increase the customer base have to rely on internet based technology. Previous studies indicate that the educated class forms the majority users of internet, they are high network individuals. Banks unable to respond to the demands of a these customers for a new product may end up loosing them to the competitors. Enabling mass communication using internet technology by the banks can create a niche mind share of the customer. It also makes the customer feel important, when it comes to customizing a new product. Internet technology is also a centralized and efficient mode of advertising for the banks (Jayawardhena Paul Foley). Supplier, operational banks in the sector. With an increased number of financial services provider in the banking sector, it often becomes a head ache for the customers to choose. Customers of the bank are aware that switching their bank would lead to altering product requirements and switching cost(Michael E. Porter). Internet enabled tools like Siebel internet banking , sales platform are used by the banks to maintain transparency with the customers. Creating products after taking in the requirements of the customers acts as a tool for retaining customers. From the banks point of view using internet technologies has multiple added advantages . Cost saving, using virtual channels proves 11 times cheaper than using a physical channel for service delivery (Jayawardhena Paul Foley), this is done through proper utilization of the workforce and economic resources. Services Offered Services Type Service Core Banking Balance Statements(account) Transfer funds Account opening Applying for loan Applying for mortgages Applying for credit cards Applying for Insurance Subscribe for mutual funds Customer oriented Manage Reward Points Bill payment(Misc) Railway Reservation E-Freight services Demand Draft Intimidating loss of ATM card Excise payment online Internet banking is a fast evolving mode of product delivery, in which the service provider(Bank) and the service user(Customers) are not present at the same place at the same time. E-banking services are also called, anywhere, anytime services because services are available over the internet 247. These services are discreet and fully personalized as the service user is just a click away from using the desired services. Banks provide two separate types of internet services namely Core banking services(Traditional), offered through traditional banking channels and miscellaneous customer oriented, to make banks a one stop destination for water, electricity bill payments or paying excise duty or income tax, online ticketing for railways and paying freight cost for transferring of goods. Perception of consumer towards the quality of Remote Banking including parameters(Chapter-1) The term quality in the present aspect may have different meaning from one respondent to another. Below are some of the aspects of quality that would be discussed in advance in my survey. Aspects Properties Performance Up to date Information Response time Download time Complete Product Info. Tutorial / Demonstration Help Function Features Online Registration Transfer between bank Other Language Keep data safe Require encryption (SSL) 24 hours 7 days Innovation features Reliability Require Authentication Limit to change data Complete data Correct Link Manage font display Clear Instructions Conformance Product Information Locating Information How Informative Explains Symbol Internal Connection System Responsiveness Durability Announce Information Complete Display System Performance Continue to Use Connection failed Able to fix problem Serviceability Search Function Navigation menu/ buttons Online Help Communication with Security Rapidly Services Quality aspect of Internet banking has two prime perspective: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ customer perspective à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ bank perspective Customer perspective From customers perspective, the service quality has two aspects, the expected quality (before use) and the perceived quality (after use). Expected quality is based on the expectation of the customer which are further based on self-belief about a certain service used in the past or experience of others and finally by the general image of the service provider in the market. Perceived quality, the impression that is formed after realization of the service by the customer. The difference between the two aspects throws light on the level of customer satisfaction. Providers perspective From the providers side, there are again two aspects, quality targeted and the quality delivered. Quality targeted to the customers is based on an internal conformation of standards, rules and regulation framework . Delivered quality works on an external framework which further depend on the communication and product delivery channels. Survey Details Sources of data collection Questionnaires Tele -Interview SAMPLING We have used convenience sampling technique. It is also called haphazard or accidental sampling. Members of the population are chosen based on their relative ease of access. Sometimes called grab or opportunity sampling, this is the method of choosing items arbitrarily and in an unstructured manner from the frame. Though almost impossible to treat rigorously, it is the method most commonly employed in many practical situations. Sample Unit: Internet Users Sample Technique: Convenient sampling Sample Area: AUT(City Campus) Sample Size: 25 TOOLS Statistical : SPSS Techniques :Chi ^2 test of goodness of fit Interpretation of the data collected Chapter-3 The sample survey carried out to critically analyze the utility ,advantages and disadvantages of E-banking services offered by the banks in the Indian Banking scenario yielded the following results. SWOT Analysis(E-banking) Strengths More than 87% of the people are satisfied with e-banking facilities provided by the bank which they use so already a good user base is present 83% of the respondent feel satisfied with the response time of the banks to answer their queries so already a good IT enabled communication system is in place 80% of the respondents find the usage of the E-banking services through the official site of the bank an easy process , thus the facilities catches the eye of more potential customers Regular updation facility provided by the banks E-banking wing also finds the customers nod with about 75% respondents availing full advantage of the service, this shows the presence of an excellent internet based application and maintenance of proper database of the customers About 69% of the respondent are happy with the innovative features of E-banking services like (E-Tax payment, e-freight services) ,this shows that the E-banking wing is constantly in touch with the needs of the customers . Weakness Connectivity to the sites a major problem for 54% of the respondents as they complain that sometime they could not log onto the sites, so internet access on the side of the customer is a problem Only about 38% of the respondent feel comfortable leaving their credit card numbers on the net for availing facility like the E-bill service , so security standards in some of the banks is a major set back The Inter/Intra bank fund transfer facility is a also a set back for the banks as the internal connectivity is not very strong, the respondents have complained of a particular bank not accepting the cheque of another bank on certain occasions. Only about 36% have so far not encountered such type of a problem Opportunities Have a great opportunity to spread the remote banking services to rural and second and third tier cities through net and mobile banking facilities With the type of investment done in the remote banking wings of the banks better and full proof security and privacy features could be provided to the users in the near future Emergence of open standards for banking functionality. Growing customer awareness and need of transparency Threats A common mistake made by end users is believing that their online banking session is perfectly safe when they use an SSL connection. Fake website pop-ups and malicious code running inside the web browser can extract key information about a particular user and dent the confidence of the customers A threat of virus act cannot be ruled out that can lead to loss of important information threats like hacking, faking etc cannot be ruled out. E-banking exposure of the leading private and public sectors In this section we try to compare the level of e-banking exposure in private(Stakes controlled by individual stake holders) and public sector banks(majority stakes held by the government). It is perceived that private bank users get better service in terms of efficiency, technology and staff willingness to work(Peter Kangis). It was also noted that the younger, tech savvy and urban population favored the private banks and rated them highly on the technology usage(Peter Kangis).Below is an example of Indian banking industry, it shows the internet technology acceptance level in the two types of banking systems Indian Contextà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(Pooja Malhotra and Balwinder Singh) The data covers around 57 banks which operational at the end of the 2005 financial year. There were about 30 private sector banks and 27 public sector/nationalized banks in the study. The study takes into account several factor like age, size of the banks. We concentrate on the type aspect of the study, below is a model to explain the extent of e-banking exposure. It was found out that in general the private sector banks and the multi national banks(MNB) are better adopters on internet the technology than the public / nationalized banks. (Pooja Malhotra and Balwinder Singh) PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE(PLC) Public Sector Bank(Chapter-6) Product Life C The Product Life Cycle (PLC) is used to map the lifespan of a product(Internet Banking). There are generally four stages in the life of a product. These four stages are the Introduction stage, the Growth stage, the Maturity stage and the Decline stage. The following graph illustrates the four stages of the PLC. Public Sector Bank Stage :(Introduction stage) Characteristics: Among the public sector banks 48 % of banks offered Internet banking, however only 15 % offer fully transactional Internet banking. Only 15% of the banks are capable of managing an E-wing in the bank. Pioneer Banks like the Canara Bank has absolutely no internet banking services available to its strong customer base The customer base for the public sector bank mainly comprise of the rural population so the internet exposure is limited. The idea of the nationalized bank becoming a HI-TECH(e-Banking) has not really sunk into the customers mind , they still symbolize the banks as the pillars of authentic traditional banking service providers. Most of the common E-banking services like Instant loan, intimating loss of credit cards, fund transfer are still not fully functional. Intra-Bank Networking(connectivity between two branches ) of a bank has not been fully set up though they plan to complete the work by 2012(Basel 2 norms) Obstacles in the form of a lack of regulatory framework, a mindset attuned towards opposing technology, inadequate computerization and highly politicized unions are holding back the nationalized banks. Private Sector Bank Stage:(Growth Stage) Characteristics: More than 55% of the private sector banks operating in India provide e-banking services to its customers. Among the private sector banks 50 percent of banks offer Internet banking, however only 33 percent of banks are fully transactional banks. Cost of supporting Internet Banking in the private sector banks have been reducing steadily as the banks adopted E-banking as early as 1996 Almost 85% of the present customer base of the bank is urban based with more than 98% of the customers regularly use some form of e-banking services Cost of maintain the traditional banking functions have declined considerably The profit and the revenue earned by the banks with the adoption of e-banking has been increasing at a constant rate The number of ATMS In the urban areas have already outnumbered its PSB counterparts thus making the private sector banks more technology oriented Future prospects of e-banking in India Banks and other financial institutions across the globe are in a constant ever evolving process of virtualizing there banking and financial operations. Most of the big multinational companies, banks have already put a lot of IT enabled infrastructure in place and in turn a reaping benefits like, grater reach to the customers, increased customer loyalty, customization of the products etc. Internet banking is changing the face of the banking industry, and instead of being nice to have it is fast becoming a need to have technology to stay competitive in the industry. Future challenges Banks in the process of reaping profits from the deployment of internet technology assets and development do not pay heed to the post development issues like security, satisfaction of the customers, site maintenance. (Adel M. Aladwani). Other important challenges include the legal implication, customers privacy, enough IT infrastructure. Regulatory issues also form a major concern, of which little concern is taken by branch operation managers. At present the usage of internet technology in the banking sector is still in a very early stage and at the moment focus is more on the management issues rather than the post management discussed above (Adel M. Aladwani). Some of the key challenges that have to be researched upon in future include: Customers and other market forces roles in the adoption of internet based banking Identifying key forces that lead to customer satisfaction What is required to gain the trust of the customers The legal policies and frameworks for supporting online banking ops Effective techniques to secure and audit online transections Road Ahead B2B (Retail product applications) A greater impact on the banks profits is likely to come from business to business and business to retail product applications. The products under development globally currently include Electronic Bill Presentment (EBP) and Procurement systems. EBP will allow issuers of bills to present them to the customers on-line. The EBP intermediary will get to collect fees for this and will also gain valuable customer information that will be useful for future marketing and product development. Procurement services will allow direct buying by one company from another and the fees again will be collected by the intermediary. Changes in the present SERVICULE PROCESS Besides banks, non-financial companies like IBM and Microsoft are also working on developing similar commercial financial products. Transactions that were earlier routed through banks could now go through non-financial intermediaries. This development is a serious threat to the banks traditional grip on the global payments system. Erosion of the dominance of the banks in the financial system would be an inevitable consequence of internet penetration. Standardization of the Financial products Due to a fierce competition to gain market shares, prices of financial products would initially be dictated by what the competitors are offering rather than any predetermined pricing policy of the firm. Heavy price-cutting and price wars may be seen. In the long run, the pricing strategy will prove to be a major challenge in both banking and non-banking sectors because some consistency in prices between (low cost) on-line services and other (high cost) traditional distribution channels will have to be maintained. Strategic alliances The scale of operations required in order to exploit the new technology successfully would have to be large, and there are few players, even in the developed countries that have the required size. Intermediaries will most likely form alliances with other parties in order to offer a broader range of services. New innovative product packages will be developed to woo customers. This way companies will be able to leverage their existing base of customers to broaden existing relationships and also reach new customers.